Which of the following is NOT a cause of fever in a returned traveler?

Chikungunya is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and commonly associated with outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions, often overlapping geographically with areas affected by diseases like malaria, dengue, and typhoid. However, while chikungunya can cause fever, it is generally not considered among the most critical or common causes that healthcare providers primarily assess for in returned travelers presenting with fever.

In the context of a returned traveler, malaria (transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes), dengue fever (a viral infection spread by Aedes mosquitoes), and typhoid (a bacterial infection from contaminated food or water) are all well-documented causes of fever that clinicians routinely investigate because they have significant morbidity and mortality associated with them.

Chikungunya fever typically causes more localized outbreaks rather than widespread travel-related concerns, making it less of a consideration as a direct cause of fever in this context. It is important for healthcare professionals to prioritize conditions that are more common in travelers returning from endemic regions for a focused and effective diagnostic approach.